Title | Synergism between smoking and vital exhaustion in the risk of ischemic stroke: evidence from the ARIC study. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2004 |
Authors | Schwartz SW, Carlucci C, Chambless LE, Rosamond WD |
Journal | Ann Epidemiol |
Volume | 14 |
Issue | 6 |
Pagination | 416-24 |
Date Published | 2004 Jul |
ISSN | 1047-2797 |
Keywords | Aged, Brain Ischemia, Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Incidence, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Probability, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Smoking, Stroke, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States |
Abstract | PURPOSE: To examine the synergism between vital exhaustion and cigarette smoking in producing ischemic stroke. Vital exhaustion (VE), a state characterized by unusual fatigue, irritability, and feelings of demoralization, is measured by the Maastricht questionnaire (MQ), a 21-item inventory of symptoms. METHODS: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study is an ongoing cohort study, initiated in 1987. The MQ was administered at the second follow-up visit (1990-1992), and participants were subsequently followed for an average of 6.27 years. Four US communities (Minneapolis, Minnesota; Washington County, Maryland; Forsyth County, North Carolina; and Jackson, Mississippi). 13,066 participants aged 48 to 67 years at baseline (Visit 2) with no history of stroke. Validated hospitalized ischemic stroke. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, there were 202 incident ischemic strokes. After multivariate adjustment, current smoking, and high VE were independent risk factors for incident stroke: (smoking vs. non-smoking HR=1.76, p CONCLUSIONS: The combination of cigarette smoking and VE is synergistic in the production of stroke. |
DOI | 10.1016/j.annepidem.2003.10.010 |
Alternate Journal | Ann Epidemiol |
PubMed ID | 15246330 |
Grant List | N01-HL-55015 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01-HL-55016 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01-HL-55018 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01-HL-55019 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01-HL-55020 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01-HL-55021 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01-HL-55022 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States |