Title | Glucose and insulin components of the metabolic syndrome are associated with hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2004 |
Authors | Golden S H, Ding J, Szklo M, Schmidt M I, Duncan BB, Dobs A |
Journal | Am J Epidemiol |
Volume | 160 |
Issue | 6 |
Pagination | 540-8 |
Date Published | 2004 Sep 15 |
ISSN | 0002-9262 |
Keywords | Carotid Artery Diseases, Case-Control Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Glucose, Glucose Tolerance Test, Homeostasis, Humans, Hyperandrogenism, Hyperglycemia, Hyperinsulinism, Insulin, Linear Models, Logistic Models, Metabolic Syndrome, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Obesity, Postmenopause, Risk Factors, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone, United States |
Abstract | In 1990-1992, the authors investigated the association of total and free testosterone with the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal US women not taking hormone replacement therapy (n=362) in a prevalent case-control study of carotid atherosclerosis. Free testosterone was estimated by using the free androgen index (FAI) (total testosterone/sex hormone-binding globulin ratio). The metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of three or more of the following criteria: waist circumference > or =35 inches (88.9 cm), triglycerides > or =150 mg/dl, high density lipoprotein cholesterol 130/80 mmHg, fasting insulin > or =100 pmol/liter, or impaired glucose homeostasis (fasting glucose > or =110 mg/dl or diagnosed diabetes mellitus). FAI, but not total testosterone, was strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome. Compared with women in the lowest FAI quartile, those in the highest quartile had a fivefold greater odds of having the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio=5.38, 95% confidence interval: 2.70, 10.7) after adjustment for age, race, and carotid atherosclerosis status. In multivariate analyses, the three-component metabolic syndrome combinations that contained both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia were most strongly associated with increased FAI (absolute increase=0.41-0.54 compared with that for women who did not have these combinations; all p's |
DOI | 10.1093/aje/kwh250 |
Alternate Journal | Am J Epidemiol |
PubMed ID | 15353414 |
Grant List | N01 HC55015 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01 HC55016 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01 HC55018 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01 HC55019 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01 HC55020 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01 HC55021 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01 HC55022 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States |