Title | Anger temperament is modestly associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Atheroslcerosis Risk in Communities Study. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2006 |
Authors | Golden S H, Williams JE, Ford DE, Yeh H-C, Sanford CPaton, Nieto JF, Brancati FL |
Journal | Psychoneuroendocrinology |
Volume | 31 |
Issue | 3 |
Pagination | 325-32 |
Date Published | 2006 Apr |
ISSN | 0306-4530 |
Keywords | Aged, Anger, Anthropometry, Atherosclerosis, Blood Chemical Analysis, Cohort Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Personality, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, United States |
Abstract | OBJECTIVE: Trait anger has been shown to predict coronary heart disease; however, there are no prior studies evaluating anger as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine if anger proneness predicted type 2 diabetes using prospective analyses. METHODS: We analyzed data on trait anger, assessed by questionnaire, in a longitudinal, bi-racial cohort study of 11,615 initially non-diabetic adults aged 48-67, who were subsequently followed for 6 years for the development of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: There was no relation between overall trait anger and the subsequent risk of diabetes; however, individuals in the highest tertile of trait anger temperament scores had a 34% increased risk of developing diabetes compared to those in the lowest tertile (Relative hazard [RH] = 1.34; 95% confidence interval: 1.10, 1.62), following adjustment for age, race, gender, and education. The relation between anger temperament and diabetes remained significant following adjustment for behavioral factors (smoking, physical activity, and caloric intake) (RH = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.60) but was non-significant after additional adjustment for waist-to-hip ratio and body-mass index (RH = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.44). CONCLUSIONS: While we found no relation between overall trait anger and incident diabetes, persons who had higher anger temperament subscale scores had a slightly increased risk of type 2 diabetes, which was largely explained by adiposity. Anger temperament may deserve further attention as a potential risk factor for type 2 diabetes. |
DOI | 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.08.008 |
Alternate Journal | Psychoneuroendocrinology |
PubMed ID | 16198499 |
Grant List | IK24-DK6222-01 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States N01 HC55015 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01 HC55016 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01 HC55018 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01 HC55019 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01 HC55020 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01 HC55021 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States N01 HC55022 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States |