| Title | Development and validation of an ankle brachial index risk model for the prediction of cardiovascular events. |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 2014 |
| Authors | Fowkes FGR, Murray GD, Butcher I, Folsom AR, Hirsch AT, Couper DJ, Debacker G, Kornitzer M, Newman AB, Sutton-Tyrrell KC, Cushman M, Lee AJ, Price JF, D'Agostino RB, Murabito JM, Norman P, Masaki KH, Bouter LM, Heine RJ, Stehouwer CDA, McDermott MM, Stoffers HEJH, Knottnerus JA, Ogren M, Hedblad B, Koenig W, Meisinger C, Cauley JA, Franco O, Hunink MGM, Hofman A, Witteman JC, Criqui MH, Langer RD, Hiatt WR |
| Secondary Authors | Hamman RF |
| Corporate Authors | Ankle Brachial Index Collaboration |
| Journal | Eur J Prev Cardiol |
| Volume | 21 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pagination | 310-20 |
| Date Published | 2014 Mar |
| ISSN | 2047-4881 |
| Keywords | Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ankle Brachial Index, Cardiovascular Diseases, Europe, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Time Factors, United States, Young Adult |
| Abstract | BACKGROUND: The ankle brachial index (ABI) is related to risk of cardiovascular events independent of the Framingham risk score (FRS). The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a risk model for cardiovascular events incorporating the ABI and FRS. DESIGN: An analysis of participant data from 18 cohorts in which 24,375 men and 20,377 women free of coronary heart disease had ABI measured and were followed up for events. METHODS: Subjects were divided into a development and internal validation dataset and an external validation dataset. Two models, comprising FRS and FRS + ABI, were fitted for the primary outcome of major coronary events. RESULTS: In predicting events in the external validation dataset, C-index for the FRS was 0.672 (95% CI 0.599 to 0.737) in men and 0.578 (95% CI 0.492 to 0.661) in women. The FRS + ABI led to a small increase in C-index in men to 0.685 (95% CI 0.612 to 0.749) and large increase in women to 0.690 (95% CI 0.605 to 0.764) with net reclassification improvement (NRI) of 4.3% (95% CI 0.0 to 7.6%, p = 0.050) and 9.6% (95% CI 6.1 to 16.4%, p CONCLUSIONS: An ABI risk model may improve prediction especially in individuals at intermediate risk and when performance of the base risk factor model is modest. |
| DOI | 10.1177/2047487313516564 |
| Alternate Journal | Eur J Prev Cardiol |
| PubMed ID | 24367001 |
| PubMed Central ID | PMC4685459 |
| Grant List | HHSN268201100005G / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States G0800803 / / Medical Research Council / United Kingdom N01 HC055019 / HC / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201100005I / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201100005C / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States |