Title | Galectin-3 and Risk of Heart Failure and Death in Blacks and Whites. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2016 |
Authors | McEvoy JW, Chen Y, Halushka MK, Christenson E, Ballantyne CM, Blumenthal RS, Christenson RH |
Secondary Authors | Selvin E |
Journal | J Am Heart Assoc |
Volume | 5 |
Issue | 5 |
Date Published | 2016 05 13 |
ISSN | 2047-9980 |
Keywords | African Americans, Aged, Cause of Death, Cohort Studies, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Galectin 3, Heart Failure, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: The association between galectin-3 and heart failure (HF) or death is well established for white, but not for black, adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: Galectin-3 was measured in 1809 participants (1375 white, 434 black), enrolled in a substudy of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) observational cohort during 2004-2005. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the adjusted association between galectin-3 and outcomes. Analyses were conducted overall and by race category. Median (interquartile range) galectin-3 levels were 13.4 (11.2-16.4) and 14.8 (12-17.6) ng/mL, in white and black participants, respectively. In the sample overall, galectin-3 was not independently associated with HF or death over a maximum of 7.9Â years. However, in race-stratified analyses, galectin-3 was independently associated with a composite of HF or death among whites (eg, hazard ratio 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-3.9, comparing Q4 versus Q1); but not among blacks (hazard ratio of 0.8 [0.4-1.8] for Q4 versus Q1, race interaction P=0.03). Associations between galectin-3 and both outcomes analyzed individually also demonstrated similar racial differences. Furthermore, results were qualitatively similar with galectin-3 modeled as a continuous exposure. In addition, galectin-3 improved discrimination for the composite of HF or death among whites (increase in Harrell's C statistic from 0.729 to 0.735 [difference of +0.006], P=0.049), but not among blacks (0.696 to 0.695 [difference of -0.001], P=0.814). CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to whites, galectin-3 may have limited prognostic utility for predicting HF and death in blacks. While our results require replication, they could reflect racial differences in the processes by which galectin-3 mediates disease. |
DOI | 10.1161/JAHA.115.003079 |
Alternate Journal | J Am Heart Assoc |
PubMed ID | 27178204 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC4889181 |
Grant List | K24 DK106414 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States |