Title | Olfactory function and neurocognitive outcomes in old age: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2018 |
Authors | Palta P, Chen H, Deal JA, Sharrett ARichey, Gross A, Knopman D, Griswold M, Heiss G |
Secondary Authors | Mosley TH |
Journal | Alzheimers Dement |
Volume | 14 |
Issue | 8 |
Pagination | 1015-1021 |
Date Published | 2018 08 |
ISSN | 1552-5279 |
Keywords | Aged, Atherosclerosis, Cognition, Cognitive Dysfunction, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Olfaction Disorders, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Smell, United States |
Abstract | INTRODUCTION: We tested the hypothesis that poor sense of smell is associated with lower cognitive function and higher mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence. METHODS: Olfaction, measured by the Sniffin' Sticks test, was categorized as olfactory impairment (OI) (score ≤6) or no OI (score >6). MCI was adjudicated based on review of a neuropsychological examination. Linear regression estimated the mean difference in cognitive factor scores, and log-binomial regression quantified MCI prevalence among participants with versus without OI. RESULTS: Participants with OI had lower mean factor scores (memory: -0.27 standard deviation [SD], 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.35 to -0.19; language: -0.24 SD, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.17; executive function/processing speed: -0.09 SD, 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.06; and general cognitive performance: -0.25 SD, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.20). OI was also associated with MCI (n = 204; prevalence ratio = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.78). DISCUSSION: An impaired sense of smell may serve as a readily accessible early marker of neurodegeneration and improve upon the prevailing delayed diagnoses and underascertainment of MCI/dementia. |
DOI | 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.019 |
Alternate Journal | Alzheimers Dement |
PubMed ID | 29605223 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC6097922 |
Grant List | HHSN268201100012C / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201100009I / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States U01 HL096812 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201100010C / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201100008C / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States K01 AG050699 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201100007C / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201100011C / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States U01 HL096902 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201100006C / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States T32 HL007055 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201700003I / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States K99 AG052830 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201100005G / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States U01 HL096917 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201100008I / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States Z01 ES101986 / ImNIH / Intramural NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201100011I / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201100005I / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States L30 AG057117 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201700004I / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States U01 HL096814 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States K01 AG054693 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201100009C / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States R01 HL070825 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201100005C / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201100007I / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States U01 HL096899 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States R00 AG052830 / AG / NIA NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201700002I / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States HHSN268201700005I / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States |