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Macronutrient Intake, Diagnosis Status, and Glycemic Control Among US Hispanics/Latinos With Diabetes.

TitleMacronutrient Intake, Diagnosis Status, and Glycemic Control Among US Hispanics/Latinos With Diabetes.
Publication TypePublication
Year2016
AuthorsWang X, Jung M, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Sotres-Alvarez D, Giacinto RAEspinoza, Pirzada A, Reina SA, Casagrande SS, Wang T, M Avilés-Santa L, Kaplan RC, Qi Q
JournalJ Clin Endocrinol Metab
Volume101
Issue4
Pagination1856-64
Date Published2016 Apr
ISSN1945-7197
KeywordsAdolescent, Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Dietary Fiber, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult
Abstract

CONTEXT: Diet modification is a mainstay of diabetes management. US Hispanics/Latinos are disproportionately affected by diabetes, but few studies have examined dietary intake among US Hispanics/Latinos with diabetes, and little is known regarding the influence of diabetes awareness on dietary intake.OBJECTIVE: We evaluated macronutrient intake and its associations with diabetes awareness and glycemic control among US Hispanics/Latinos with diabetes.PARTICIPANTS: This analysis included 3310 diabetic adults aged 18–74 years from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2008–2011).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diabetes was defined as diagnosed (based on medical history or antihyperglycemic medication use) or undiagnosed diabetes (based on fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] ≥ 6.5%, or 2 h glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL in the absence of a physician diagnosis). Dietary intake was assessed using two 24-hour recalls.RESULTS: Among Hispanic/Latino adults with diabetes, 21.2%, 55.7%, and 71.2% met the American Diabetes Association recommendations for fiber (≥14 g per 1000 kcal), saturated fat (<10% of total energy), and cholesterol intake (<300 mg), respectively. Compared with those with undiagnosed diabetes, people with diagnosed diabetes consumed less carbohydrate (50.3 vs 52.4% of total energy; P = .017), total sugar (19.1 vs 21.5% of total energy; P = .002), added sugar (9.8 vs 12.1% of total energy; P < .001), and more total fat (30.7 vs 29.3% of total energy; P = .048) and monounsaturated fat (11.5 vs 10.7% of total energy; P = .021). Association between diabetes awareness and low total and added sugar intake was observed in individuals of Mexican and Puerto Rican background but not in other groups (P for interaction < .05). Among people with diagnosed diabetes, those with HbA1c of 7% or greater consumed more total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol than those with HbA1c less than 7% (all P < .05).CONCLUSIONS: Among US Hispanics/Latinos with diabetes, fiber intake is low, and diabetes awareness is associated with reduced carbohydrate and sugar intake and increased monounsaturated fat intake. Sugar intake may require special attention in certain Hispanic/Latino background groups.

DOI10.1210/jc.2015-3237
Alternate JournalJ Clin Endocrinol Metab
PubMed ID26950682
PubMed Central IDPMC4880152
Grant ListT32 HL007426 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
N01HC65236 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
T32 HL007024 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
N01HC65235 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
N01HC65234 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
K01 HL129892 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
N01HC65233 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
N01HC65237 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States
UL1 TR001073 / TR / NCATS NIH HHS / United States
P30 DK020541 / DK / NIDDK NIH HHS / United States
P30 CA013330 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States
MS#: 
0346
Manuscript Lead/Corresponding Author Affiliation: 
Field Center: Bronx (Einstein College of Medicine)
ECI: 
Yes
Manuscript Status: 
Published